Expressions in Angular Form Renderer component

11 Aug 202616 minutes to read

Expressions let a field’s value be derived from other fields instead of being typed in by the user. A field with an expressionValue is recomputed: whenever any of the fields it references change, the renderer re-evaluates the expression and updates the target field automatically. This keeps derived values declarative and removes the need for change handlers.

expressionValue is set on a field’s properties and holds a string that follows the expression syntax. The example below auto-fills the name field with firstName and lastName joined by a space.

{
  "properties": {
    "firstName": {
      "id": "textbox_1785963401854_567",
      "name": "firstName",
      "type": "string",
      "label": "First Name",
      "textboxType": "text",
      "widget": "textbox"
    },
    "lastName": {
      "id": "textbox_1785963450016_515",
      "name": "lastName",
      "type": "string",
      "label": "Last Name",
      "textboxType": "text",
      "widget": "textbox"
    },
    "name": {
      "id": "textbox_1785963419950_968",
      "name": "name",
      "type": "string",
      "label": "Name",
      "expressionValue": "{firstName} + \" \" + {lastName}",
      "textboxType": "text",
      "widget": "textbox"
    }
  }
}

In this example, typing into firstName or lastName updates the name field. The expression {firstName} + " " + {lastName} is re-evaluated on every change to the referenced fields.

Expression syntax

An expression is a string that the renderer parses and evaluates against the current form state. It can be as simple as a single field reference or as involved as a nested arithmetic and boolean expression with grouping and a ternary.

Aspect	Syntax	Example
Field Reference	`{fieldName}`	`{firstName}`
Array Index	`{multiselect_1}[0]`	`{multiselect_1}[0]`
Grouping	`(expression)`	`({qty} * {price}) + ({subtotal} + {tax})`
Ternary	`condition ? valueTrue : valueFalse`	`{age} > 18 ? "Adult" : "Minor"`
Boolean Operator	`condition1 && condition2`	`{age} >= 18 && {age} <= 60`

Operators

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators perform numeric math. When either side of + is a string, + performs concatenation instead. Constants such as PI can be used on the right-hand side (see Available Constants).

Operator	Name	Usage	Example	Result Type
`+`	Addition	`{num1} + {num2}`	`10 + 5`	number
`+`	Concatenation	`{str1} + {str2}`	`"Hello" + " World"`	string
`+`	Concatenation with custom string	`{str1} + " - " + {str2}`	`"Hello" + " - " + " World"`	string
`-`	Subtraction	`{num1} - {num2}`	`10 - 3`	number
`*`	Multiplication	`{num1} * {num2}`	`4 * 5`	number
`/`	Division	`{num1} / {num2}`	`20 / 4`	number
`%`	Modulo	`{num1} % {num2}`	`10 % 3`	number
`^`	Exponent	`{num1} ^ {num2}`	`2 ^ 3`	number

Comparison Operators

Comparison operators compare two values and return a boolean. They are commonly used to feed a ternary or a boolean combination. The strict variants === and !== also check that the two sides have the same type, while == and != only check value equality.

Operator	Name	Usage	Example
`==`	Equals	`{value} == 10`	`5 == 5`
`!=`	Not Equals	`{value} != 10`	`5 != 10`
`===`	Strict Equals	`{value} === 10`	`5 === 5`
`!==`	Strict Not Equals	`{value} !== 10`	`5 !== "5"`
`<`	Less Than	`{age} < 18`	`15 < 18`
`>`	Greater Than	`{age} > 18`	`25 > 18`
`<=`	Less Than or Equal	`{value} <= 100`	`100 <= 100`
`>=`	Greater Than or Equal	`{value} >= 50`	`50 >= 50`

Logical Operators

Logical operators combine or invert boolean sub-expressions. ! negates a single condition, while && and || are written inline (see Expression syntax) and are the boolean counterparts of AND and OR.

Operator	Name	Usage	Example	Result
`!`	NOT	`!condition`	`!{isDeleted}`	Boolean

Available Constants

Constants are reserved tokens that the renderer recognizes by name. Use them on the right-hand side of a comparison or as operands in arithmetic. The Math object is also exposed so that any of its methods (Math.sqrt, Math.round, Math.max, and so on) can be called inside an expression.

Constant	Type	Value	Usage
`PI`	number	`3.14159...`	`{radius} * PI`
`TRUE`	boolean	`true`	`{enabled} == TRUE`
`FALSE`	boolean	`false`	`{disabled} === FALSE`
`NULL`	null	`null`	`{value} == NULL`
`UNDEFINED`	undefined	`undefined`	`{value} != UNDEFINED`
`Math`	object	Math object	`Math.sqrt({num})`

Available Functions

Functions are built-in helpers you can call from inside an expressionValue. They cover aggregates over arrays, numeric rounding and roots, common string transforms, and date arithmetic. All function names are case-sensitive and must be written in upper case as shown below.

Aggregate Functions

Aggregate functions operate on an array of values - a comma-separated list, or a hand-written array literal. They always return a single value.

Function	Syntax	Parameters	Returns	Example	Usage
`SUM`	`SUM(array)`	`array: number[]`	number	`SUM([10, 20, 30])` → `60`	`SUM([{numA} , {numb}])`
`AVG`	`AVG(array)`	`array: number[]`	number	`AVG([10, 20, 30])` → `20`	`AVG([{numA} , {numB}])`
`MIN`	`MIN(array)`	`array: number[]`	number	`MIN([10, 20, 30])` → `10`	`MIN([{numA} , {numB}])`
`MAX`	`MAX(array)`	`array: number[]`	number	`MAX([10, 20, 30])` → `30`	`MAX([{numA} , {numB}])`
`COUNT`	`COUNT(array)`	`array: any[]`	number	`COUNT([1, 2, 3])` → `3`	`COUNT([{numA} , {numB}])`

Math Functions

Math functions apply a single numeric transform to their input. ROUND takes an optional second argument to control the number of decimal places; all others take a single value.

Function	Syntax	Parameters	Returns	Example	Usage
`ROUND`	`ROUND(value, decimals)`	`value: number`, `decimals: number` (optional)	number	`ROUND(3.7)` → `4`	`ROUND({num})`
`FLOOR`	`FLOOR(value)`	`value: number`	number	`FLOOR(3.7)` → `3`	`FLOOR({num})`
`CEIL`	`CEIL(value)`	`value: number`	number	`CEIL(3.2)` → `4`	`CEIL({num})`
`ABS`	`ABS(value)`	`value: number`	number	`ABS(-5)` → `5`	`ABS({num})`
`SQRT`	`SQRT(value)`	`value: number`	number	`SQRT(16)` → `4`	`SQRT({num})`

String Functions

String functions transform or inspect a text value. CONCAT accepts two or more arguments and joins them in order; SUBSTRING takes a start index and an optional length.

Function	Syntax	Parameters	Returns	Example	Usage
`UPPER`	`UPPER(text)`	`text: string`	string	`UPPER("hello")` → `"HELLO"`	`UPPER({name})`
`LOWER`	`LOWER(text)`	`text: string`	string	`LOWER("HELLO")` → `"hello"`	`LOWER({name})`
`CONCAT`	`CONCAT(str1, str2, ...)`	`str1, str2, ...: string`	string	`CONCAT("Hello", " ", "World")` → `"Hello World"`	`CONCAT({name}, "you")`
`LENGTH`	`LENGTH(text)`	`text: string`	number	`LENGTH("hello")` → `5`	`LENGTH({name})`
`TRIM`	`TRIM(text)`	`text: string`	string	`TRIM(" hello ")` → `"hello"`	`TRIM({name})`
`SUBSTRING`	`SUBSTRING(text, start, length)`	`text: string`, `start: number`, `length: number` (optional)	string	`SUBSTRING("hello", 1, 3)` → `"ell"`	`SUBSTRING({name}, 1, 3)`

Date Functions

Date functions read or transform a date value. TODAY takes no arguments and returns the current date as a string; AGE and DATEDIFF return numbers (years and days respectively); DATEFORMAT, ADDDAYS, and SUBDAYS return a date string.

Function	Syntax	Parameters	Returns	Example	Usage
`TODAY`	`TODAY()`	none	string (date)	`TODAY()` → `"05/25/2026"`	`{date} == TODAY() ? "yes" : "no"`
`AGE`	`AGE(birthDate)`	`birthDate: Date \\| string`	number	`AGE("2000-01-15")` → `26`	`AGE({date})`
`DATEFORMAT`	`DATEFORMAT(date, format)`	`date: Date \\| string`, `format: string`	string	`DATEFORMAT({birthDate}, "yyyy-MM-dd")`	`DATEFORMAT({date}, "yyyy-MM-dd")`
`DATEDIFF`	`DATEDIFF(date1, date2)`	`date1: Date \\| string`, `date2: Date \\| string`	number (days)	`DATEDIFF({startDate}, {endDate})` → `30`	`DATEDIFF({startDate}, {endDate})`
`ADDDAYS`	`ADDDAYS(date, days)`	`date: Date \\| string`, `days: number`	string (date)	`ADDDAYS({date}, 5)` → date + 5 days	`ADDDAYS({date}, 5)`
`SUBDAYS`	`SUBDAYS(date, days)`	`date: Date \\| string`, `days: number`	string (date)	`SUBDAYS({date}, 5)` → date − 5 days	`SUBDAYS({date}, 5)`

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