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Excel Export in JavaScript Grid control

The excel export allows exporting Grid data to Excel document. You need to use the excelExport method for exporting. To enable Excel export in the grid, set the allowExcelExport as true.

To use excel export, You need to inject the ExcelExport module in grid.

Source

Preview

index.ts

index.html

import { Grid, Toolbar, ExcelExport, Page } from '@syncfusion/ej2-grids';
import { data } from './datasource.ts';
Grid.Inject(Toolbar, ExcelExport, Page);

let grid: Grid = new Grid({
    dataSource: data,
    allowPaging: true,
    allowExcelExport: true,
    toolbar: ['ExcelExport'],
    columns: [
        { field: 'OrderID', headerText: 'Order ID', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, type: 'number' },
        { field: 'CustomerID', width: 140, headerText: 'Customer ID', type: 'string' },
        { field: 'Freight', headerText: 'Freight', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, format: 'C' },
        { field: 'OrderDate', headerText: 'Order Date', width: 140, format: 'yMd', textAlign: 'Right' }
    ],
    height: 230
});
grid.toolbarClick = (args: Object) => {
    if (args['item'].id === 'Grid_excelexport') {
        grid.excelExport();
    }
}
grid.appendTo('#Grid');

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <title>EJ2 Grid</title>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <meta name="description" content="Typescript Grid Control" />
    <meta name="author" content="Syncfusion" />
    <link href="index.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-base/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-grids/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-buttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-popups/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-navigations/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-dropdowns/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-lists/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-inputs/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-calendars/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-splitbuttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/systemjs/0.19.38/system.js"></script>
    <script src="systemjs.config.js"></script>
    <style>
        .e-row[aria-selected="true"] .e-customizedExpandcell {
            background-color: #e0e0e0;
        }
        .e-grid.e-gridhover tr[role='row']:hover {
            background-color: #eee;
        }
        .e-expand::before {
        content: '\e5b8';
    }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div id='loader'>Loading....</div>
    <div id='container'>
        <div id='Grid'></div>        
    </div>
</body>
</html>

Multiple Grid exporting

The excel export provides an option to export multiple grid data in the same excel file.

Same sheet

The excel export provides support to export multiple grids in same sheet. To export in same sheet, define multipleExport.type as AppendToSheet in exportProperties. It have an option to provide blank rows between grids. These blank rows count can be defined by using themultipleExport.blankRows.

Source

Preview

index.ts

index.html

import { Grid, Toolbar, ExcelExport, ExcelExportProperties, Page } from '@syncfusion/ej2-grids';
import { data, employeeData } from './datasource.ts';

Grid.Inject(Toolbar, ExcelExport, Page);

let firstGrid: Grid = new Grid({
    dataSource: data.slice(0, 5),
    allowPaging: true,
    allowExcelExport: true,
    toolbar: ['ExcelExport'],
    columns: [
        { field: 'OrderID', headerText: 'Order ID', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, type: 'number' },
        { field: 'CustomerID', width: 140, headerText: 'Customer ID', type: 'string' },
        { field: 'Freight', headerText: 'Freight', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, format: 'C' },
        { field: 'OrderDate', headerText: 'Order Date', width: 140, format: 'yMd', textAlign: 'Right' }
    ]
});
let secondGrid: Grid = new Grid({
    dataSource: employeeData.slice(0, 5),
    allowPaging: true,
    allowExcelExport: true,
    columns: [
        { field: 'EmployeeID', headerText: 'Employee ID', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, type: 'number' },
        { field: 'FirstName', width: 140, headerText: 'First Name', type: 'string' },
        { field: 'LastName', width: 140, headerText: 'Last Name', type: 'string' },
        { field: 'City', headerText: 'City', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120 },
        { field: 'BirthDate', headerText: 'Birth Date', textAlign: 'Right', width: 140, format: 'yMd' }
    ]
});

firstGrid.toolbarClick = (args: Object) => {
    if (args['item'].id === 'FirstGrid_excelexport') {
        let appendExcelExportProperties: ExcelExportProperties = {
            multipleExport: { type: 'AppendToSheet', blankRows: 2 }
        };

        let firstGridExport: Promise<any> = firstGrid.excelExport(appendExcelExportProperties, true);
        firstGridExport.then((fData: any) => {
            secondGrid.excelExport(appendExcelExportProperties, false, fData);
        });
    }

}
firstGrid.appendTo('#FirstGrid');
secondGrid.appendTo('#SecondGrid');

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <title>EJ2 Grid</title>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <meta name="description" content="Typescript Grid Control" />
    <meta name="author" content="Syncfusion" />
    <link href="index.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-base/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-grids/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-buttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-popups/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-navigations/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-dropdowns/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-lists/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-inputs/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-calendars/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-splitbuttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/systemjs/0.19.38/system.js"></script>
    <script src="systemjs.config.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id='loader'>Loading....</div>
    <div id='container'>
	<p><b>First Grid</b></p>
        <div id='FirstGrid'></div>
    <p><b>Second Grid</b></p>		
		<div id='SecondGrid'></div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

By default, multipleExport.blankRows value is 5.

New Sheet

Excel exporting provides support to export multiple grids in new sheet. To export in new sheet, define multipleExport.type as NewSheet in exportProperties.

Source

Preview

index.ts

index.html

import { Grid, Toolbar, ExcelExport, ExcelExportProperties, Page } from '@syncfusion/ej2-grids';
import { data, employeeData } from './datasource.ts';

Grid.Inject(Toolbar, ExcelExport, Page);

let firstGrid: Grid = new Grid({
    dataSource: data.slice(0, 5),
    allowPaging: true,
    allowExcelExport: true,
    toolbar: ['ExcelExport'],
    columns: [
        { field: 'OrderID', headerText: 'Order ID', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, type: 'number' },
        { field: 'CustomerID', width: 140, headerText: 'Customer ID', type: 'string' },
        { field: 'Freight', headerText: 'Freight', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, format: 'C' },
        { field: 'OrderDate', headerText: 'Order Date', width: 140, format: 'yMd', textAlign: 'Right' }
    ]
});
let secondGrid: Grid = new Grid({
    dataSource: employeeData.slice(0, 5),
    allowPaging: true,
    allowExcelExport: true,
    columns: [
        { field: 'EmployeeID', headerText: 'Employee ID', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, type: 'number' },
        { field: 'FirstName', width: 140, headerText: 'First Name', type: 'string' },
        { field: 'LastName', width: 140, headerText: 'Last Name', type: 'string' },
        { field: 'City', headerText: 'City', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120 },
        { field: 'BirthDate', headerText: 'Birth Date', textAlign: 'Right', width: 140, format: 'yMd' }
    ]
});

firstGrid.toolbarClick = (args: Object) => {
    if (args['item'].id === 'FirstGrid_excelexport') {

        let appendExcelExportProperties: ExcelExportProperties = {
            multipleExport: { type: 'NewSheet' }
        };

        let firstGridExport: Promise<any> = firstGrid.excelExport(appendExcelExportProperties, true);
        firstGridExport.then((fData: any) => {
            secondGrid.excelExport(appendExcelExportProperties, false, fData);
        });
    }
}

firstGrid.appendTo('#FirstGrid');
secondGrid.appendTo('#SecondGrid');

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <title>EJ2 Grid</title>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <meta name="description" content="Typescript Grid Control" />
    <meta name="author" content="Syncfusion" />
    <link href="index.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-base/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-grids/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-buttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-popups/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-navigations/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-dropdowns/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-lists/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-inputs/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-calendars/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-splitbuttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/systemjs/0.19.38/system.js"></script>
    <script src="systemjs.config.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id='loader'>Loading....</div>
    <div id='container'>
	<p><b>First Grid</b></p>
        <div id='FirstGrid'></div>
    <p><b>Second Grid</b></p>		
		<div id='SecondGrid'></div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

To customize excel export

The excel export provides an option to customize mapping of the grid to excel document.

Export current page

The excel export provides an option to export the current page into excel. To export current page, define exportType to CurrentPage.

Source

Preview

index.ts

index.html

import { Grid, Toolbar, ExcelExport, ExcelExportProperties, Page} from '@syncfusion/ej2-grids';
import { data } from './datasource.ts';

Grid.Inject(Toolbar, ExcelExport, Page);

let grid: Grid = new Grid({
    dataSource: data,
    allowPaging: true,
    allowExcelExport: true,
    toolbar: ['ExcelExport'],
    columns: [
        { field: 'OrderID', headerText: 'Order ID', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, type: 'number' },
        { field: 'CustomerID', width: 140, headerText: 'Customer ID', type: 'string' },
        { field: 'Freight', headerText: 'Freight', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, format: 'C' },
        { field: 'OrderDate', headerText: 'Order Date', width: 140, format: 'yMd', textAlign: 'Right' }
    ],
    height: 230
});
grid.toolbarClick = (args: Object) => {
    if (args['item'].id === 'Grid_excelexport') {
        let excelExportProperties: ExcelExportProperties = {
            exportType: 'CurrentPage'
        };
        grid.excelExport(excelExportProperties);

    }
}
grid.appendTo('#Grid');

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <title>EJ2 Grid</title>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <meta name="description" content="Typescript Grid Control" />
    <meta name="author" content="Syncfusion" />
    <link href="index.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-base/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-grids/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-buttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-popups/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-navigations/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-dropdowns/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-lists/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-inputs/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-calendars/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-splitbuttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/systemjs/0.19.38/system.js"></script>
    <script src="systemjs.config.js"></script>
    <style>
        .e-row[aria-selected="true"] .e-customizedExpandcell {
            background-color: #e0e0e0;
        }
        .e-grid.e-gridhover tr[role='row']:hover {
            background-color: #eee;
        }
        .e-expand::before {
        content: '\e5b8';
    }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div id='loader'>Loading....</div>
    <div id='container'>
        <div id='Grid'></div>        
    </div>
</body>
</html>

Export hidden columns

The excel export provides an option to export hidden columns of grid by defining includeHiddenColumn as true.

Source

Preview

index.ts

index.html

import { Grid, Toolbar, ExcelExport, ExcelExportProperties, Page } from '@syncfusion/ej2-grids';
import { data } from './datasource.ts';

Grid.Inject(Toolbar, ExcelExport, Page)

let grid: Grid = new Grid({
    dataSource: data,
    allowPaging: true,
    allowExcelExport: true,
    toolbar: ['ExcelExport'],
    columns: [
        { field: 'OrderID', headerText: 'Order ID', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, type: 'number' },
        { field: 'CustomerID', width: 140, headerText: 'Customer ID', type: 'string' },
        { field: 'ShipCountry', width: 140, headerText: 'Ship Country', visible: false },
        { field: 'Freight', headerText: 'Freight', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, format: 'C' },
        { field: 'OrderDate', headerText: 'Order Date', width: 140, format: 'yMd', textAlign: 'Right' }
    ],
    height: 230
});
grid.toolbarClick = (args: Object) => {
    if (args['item'].id === 'Grid_excelexport') {
        let excelExportProperties: ExcelExportProperties = {
            includeHiddenColumn: true
        };
        grid.excelExport(excelExportProperties);

    }
}
grid.appendTo('#Grid');

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <title>EJ2 Grid</title>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <meta name="description" content="Typescript Grid Control" />
    <meta name="author" content="Syncfusion" />
    <link href="index.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-base/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-grids/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-buttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-popups/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-navigations/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-dropdowns/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-lists/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-inputs/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-calendars/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-splitbuttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/systemjs/0.19.38/system.js"></script>
    <script src="systemjs.config.js"></script>
    <style>
        .e-row[aria-selected="true"] .e-customizedExpandcell {
            background-color: #e0e0e0;
        }
        .e-grid.e-gridhover tr[role='row']:hover {
            background-color: #eee;
        }
        .e-expand::before {
        content: '\e5b8';
    }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div id='loader'>Loading....</div>
    <div id='container'>
        <div id='Grid'></div>        
    </div>
</body>
</html>

Show or Hide columns on Exported Excel

You can show a hidden column or hide a visible column while printing the grid using toolbarClick and excelExportComplete events.

In the toolbarClick event, based on args.item.id as Grid_excelexport. We can show or hide columns by setting column.visible property to true or false respectively.

In the excelExportComplete event, We have reversed the state back to the previous state.

In the below example, we have CustomerID as a hidden column in the grid. While exporting, we have changed CustomerID to visible column and ShipCity as hidden column.

Source

Preview

index.ts

index.html

import { Grid, Toolbar, ExcelExport, Page } from '@syncfusion/ej2-grids';
import { data } from './datasource.ts';
Grid.Inject(Toolbar, ExcelExport, Page);

let grid: Grid = new Grid({
    dataSource: data,
    allowPaging: true,
    allowExcelExport: true,
    toolbar: ['ExcelExport'],
    columns: [
        { field: 'OrderID', headerText: 'Order ID', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, type: 'number' },
        { field: 'CustomerID', width: 140, headerText: 'Customer ID', visible: false },
        { field: 'Freight', headerText: 'Freight', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, format: 'C' },
        { field: 'ShipCity', headerText: 'ShipCity', width: 140, textAlign: 'Right' }
    ],
    height: 230
});
grid.toolbarClick = (args: Object) => {
    if (args['item'].id === 'Grid_excelexport') {
        grid.columns[1].visible = false;
        grid.columns[3].visible = true;
        grid.excelExport();
    }
}
grid.pdfExportComplete = () => {
        grid.columns[1].visible = false;
        grid.columns[3].visible = true;
    }
grid.appendTo('#Grid');

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <title>EJ2 Grid</title>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <meta name="description" content="Typescript Grid Control" />
    <meta name="author" content="Syncfusion" />
    <link href="index.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-base/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-grids/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-buttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-popups/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-navigations/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-dropdowns/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-lists/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-inputs/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-calendars/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-splitbuttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/systemjs/0.19.38/system.js"></script>
    <script src="systemjs.config.js"></script>
    <style>
        .e-row[aria-selected="true"] .e-customizedExpandcell {
            background-color: #e0e0e0;
        }
        .e-grid.e-gridhover tr[role='row']:hover {
            background-color: #eee;
        }
        .e-expand::before {
        content: '\e5b8';
    }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div id='loader'>Loading....</div>
    <div id='container'>
        <div id='Grid'></div>        
    </div>
</body>
</html>

Conditional Cell Formatting

Grid cells in the exported Excel can be customized or formatted using excelQueryCellInfo event. In this event, we can format the grid cells of exported PDF document based on the column cell value.

In the below sample, we have set the background color for Freight column in the exported excel by args.cell and backColor property.

Source

Preview

index.ts

index.html

import { Grid, Toolbar, ExcelExport, Page } from '@syncfusion/ej2-grids';
import { data } from './datasource.ts';
Grid.Inject(Toolbar, ExcelExport, Page);

let grid: Grid = new Grid({
    dataSource: data,
    allowPaging: true,
    allowExcelExport: true,
    toolbar: ['ExcelExport'],
    columns: [
        { field: 'OrderID', headerText: 'Order ID', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, type: 'number' },
        { field: 'CustomerID', width: 140, headerText: 'Customer ID', type: 'string' },
        { field: 'Freight', headerText: 'Freight', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120 },
        { field: 'OrderDate', headerText: 'Order Date', width: 140, format: 'yMd', textAlign: 'Right' }
    ],
    height: 230
});
grid.toolbarClick = (args: Object) => {
    if (args['item'].id === 'Grid_excelexport') {
        grid.excelExport();
    }
}
grid.excelQueryCellInfo = (args: Object) => {
        if(args.column.field == 'Freight'){
            if(args.value < 30) {
                args.style = {backColor: '#99ffcc'};
            }
            else if(args.value < 60) {
                args.style = {backColor: '#ffffb3'};
            }
            else {
                args.style = {backColor: '#ff704d'};
            }
        }
    }
grid.queryCellInfo = (args: Object) => {
        if(args.column.field == 'Freight'){
            if(args.data['Freight'] < 30) {
                args.cell.bgColor = '#99ffcc';
            }
            else if(args.data['Freight'] < 60) {
                args.cell.bgColor = '#ffffb3';
            }
            else {
                args.cell.bgColor = '#ff704d';
            }
        }
    }
grid.appendTo('#Grid');

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <title>EJ2 Grid</title>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <meta name="description" content="Typescript Grid Control" />
    <meta name="author" content="Syncfusion" />
    <link href="index.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-base/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-grids/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-buttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-popups/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-navigations/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-dropdowns/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-lists/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-inputs/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-calendars/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-splitbuttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/systemjs/0.19.38/system.js"></script>
    <script src="systemjs.config.js"></script>
    <style>
        .e-row[aria-selected="true"] .e-customizedExpandcell {
            background-color: #e0e0e0;
        }
        .e-grid.e-gridhover tr[role='row']:hover {
            background-color: #eee;
        }
        .e-expand::before {
        content: '\e5b8';
    }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div id='loader'>Loading....</div>
    <div id='container'>
        <div id='Grid'></div>        
    </div>
</body>
</html>

Theme

The excel export provides an option to include theme for exported excel document.

To apply theme in exported Excel, define the theme in exportProperties .

Source

Preview

index.ts

index.html

import { Grid, Toolbar, ExcelExport, ExcelExportProperties, Page } from '@syncfusion/ej2-grids';
import { data } from './datasource.ts';

Grid.Inject(Toolbar, ExcelExport, Page);

let grid: Grid = new Grid({
    dataSource: data,
    allowPaging: true,
    allowExcelExport: true,
    toolbar: ['ExcelExport'],
    columns: [
        { field: 'OrderID', headerText: 'Order ID', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, type: 'number' },
        { field: 'CustomerID', width: 140, headerText: 'Customer ID', type: 'string' },
        { field: 'Freight', headerText: 'Freight', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, format: 'C' },
        { field: 'OrderDate', headerText: 'Order Date', width: 140, format: 'yMd', textAlign: 'Right' }
    ],
    height: 230
});
grid.toolbarClick = (args: Object) => {
    if (args['item'].id === 'Grid_excelexport') {
        let excelExportProperties: ExcelExportProperties = {
            theme:
                {
                    header: { fontName: 'Segoe UI', fontColor: '#666666' },
                    record: { fontName: 'Segoe UI', fontColor: '#666666' },
                    caption: { fontName: 'Segoe UI', fontColor: '#666666' }
                }
        };
        grid.excelExport(excelExportProperties);

    }
}
grid.appendTo('#Grid');

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <title>EJ2 Grid</title>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <meta name="description" content="Typescript Grid Control" />
    <meta name="author" content="Syncfusion" />
    <link href="index.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-base/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-grids/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-buttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-popups/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-navigations/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-dropdowns/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-lists/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-inputs/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-calendars/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-splitbuttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/systemjs/0.19.38/system.js"></script>
    <script src="systemjs.config.js"></script>
    <style>
        .e-row[aria-selected="true"] .e-customizedExpandcell {
            background-color: #e0e0e0;
        }
        .e-grid.e-gridhover tr[role='row']:hover {
            background-color: #eee;
        }
        .e-expand::before {
        content: '\e5b8';
    }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div id='loader'>Loading....</div>
    <div id='container'>
        <div id='Grid'></div>        
    </div>
</body>
</html>

By default, material theme is applied to exported excel document.

To add header and footer

The excel export provides an option to include header and footer content for exported excel document.

Source

Preview

index.ts

index.html

import { Grid, Toolbar, ExcelExport, ExcelExportProperties, Page } from '@syncfusion/ej2-grids';
import { data } from './datasource.ts';

Grid.Inject(Toolbar, ExcelExport, Page);

let grid: Grid = new Grid({
    dataSource: data,
    allowPaging: true,
    allowExcelExport: true,
    toolbar: ['ExcelExport'],
    columns: [
        { field: 'OrderID', headerText: 'Order ID', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, type: 'number' },
        { field: 'CustomerID', width: 140, headerText: 'Customer ID', type: 'string' },
        { field: 'Freight', headerText: 'Freight', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, format: 'C' },
        { field: 'OrderDate', headerText: 'Order Date', width: 140, format: 'yMd', textAlign: 'Right' }
    ],
    height: 230
});
grid.toolbarClick = (args: Object) => {
    if (args['item'].id === 'Grid_excelexport') {
        let excelExportProperties: ExcelExportProperties = {
            header: {
                headerRows: 7,
                rows: [
                    { cells: [{ colSpan: 4, value: "Northwind Traders", style: { fontColor: '#C67878', fontSize: 20, hAlign: 'Center', bold: true, } }] },
                    { cells: [{ colSpan: 4, value: "2501 Aerial Center Parkway", style: { fontColor: '#C67878', fontSize: 15, hAlign: 'Center', bold: true, } }] },
                    { cells: [{ colSpan: 4, value: "Suite 200 Morrisville, NC 27560 USA", style: { fontColor: '#C67878', fontSize: 15, hAlign: 'Center', bold: true, } }] },
                    { cells: [{ colSpan: 4, value: "Tel +1 888.936.8638 Fax +1 919.573.0306", style: { fontColor: '#C67878', fontSize: 15, hAlign: 'Center', bold: true, } }] },
                    { cells: [{ colSpan: 4, hyperlink: { target: 'https://www.northwind.com/', displayText: 'www.northwind.com' }, style: { hAlign: 'Center' } }] },
                    { cells: [{ colSpan: 4, hyperlink: { target: 'mailto:support@northwind.com' }, style: { hAlign: 'Center' } }] },
                ]
            },
            footer: {
                footerRows: 4,
                rows: [
                    { cells: [{ colSpan: 4, value: "Thank you for your business!", style: { hAlign: 'Center', bold: true } }] },
                    { cells: [{ colSpan: 4, value: "!Visit Again!", style: { hAlign: 'Center', bold: true } }] }
                ]
            },
        };

        grid.excelExport(excelExportProperties);

    }
}
grid.appendTo('#Grid');

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <title>EJ2 Grid</title>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <meta name="description" content="Typescript Grid Control" />
    <meta name="author" content="Syncfusion" />
    <link href="index.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-base/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-grids/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-buttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-popups/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-navigations/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-dropdowns/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-lists/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-inputs/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-calendars/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-splitbuttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/systemjs/0.19.38/system.js"></script>
    <script src="systemjs.config.js"></script>
    <style>
        .e-row[aria-selected="true"] .e-customizedExpandcell {
            background-color: #e0e0e0;
        }
        .e-grid.e-gridhover tr[role='row']:hover {
            background-color: #eee;
        }
        .e-expand::before {
        content: '\e5b8';
    }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div id='loader'>Loading....</div>
    <div id='container'>
        <div id='Grid'></div>        
    </div>
</body>
</html>

File Name for Exported document

You can assign the file name for the exported document by defining fileName property in ExcelExportProperties.

Source

Preview

index.ts

index.html

import { Grid, Toolbar, ExcelExport, ExcelExportProperties, Page } from '@syncfusion/ej2-grids';
import { data } from './datasource.ts';

Grid.Inject(Toolbar, ExcelExport, Page);

let grid: Grid = new Grid({
    dataSource: data,
    allowPaging: true,
    allowExcelExport: true,
    toolbar: ['ExcelExport'],
    columns: [
        { field: 'OrderID', headerText: 'Order ID', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, type: 'number' },
        { field: 'CustomerID', width: 140, headerText: 'Customer ID', type: 'string' },
        { field: 'Freight', headerText: 'Freight', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, format: 'C' },
        { field: 'OrderDate', headerText: 'Order Date', width: 140, format: 'yMd', textAlign: 'Right' }
    ],
    height: 230
});
grid.toolbarClick = (args: Object) => {
    if (args['item'].id === 'Grid_excelexport') {
        let excelExportProperties: ExcelExportProperties = {
            fileName:"new.xlsx"
        };
        grid.excelExport(excelExportProperties);

    }
}
grid.appendTo('#Grid');

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <title>EJ2 Grid</title>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <meta name="description" content="Typescript Grid Control" />
    <meta name="author" content="Syncfusion" />
    <link href="index.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-base/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-grids/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-buttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-popups/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-navigations/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-dropdowns/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-lists/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-inputs/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-calendars/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-splitbuttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/systemjs/0.19.38/system.js"></script>
    <script src="systemjs.config.js"></script>
    <style>
        .e-row[aria-selected="true"] .e-customizedExpandcell {
            background-color: #e0e0e0;
        }
        .e-grid.e-gridhover tr[role='row']:hover {
            background-color: #eee;
        }
        .e-expand::before {
        content: '\e5b8';
    }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div id='loader'>Loading....</div>
    <div id='container'>
        <div id='Grid'></div>        
    </div>
</body>
</html>

Custom data source

The excel export provides an option to define datasource dynamically before exporting. To export data dynamically, define the dataSource in exportProperties.

Source

Preview

index.ts

index.html

import { Grid, Toolbar, ExcelExport, ExcelExportProperties, Page } from '@syncfusion/ej2-grids';
import { data } from './datasource.ts';

Grid.Inject(Toolbar, ExcelExport, Page);

let grid: Grid = new Grid({
    dataSource: data,
    allowPaging: true,
    allowExcelExport: true,
    toolbar: ['ExcelExport'],
    columns: [
        { field: 'OrderID', headerText: 'Order ID', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, type: 'number' },
        { field: 'CustomerID', width: 140, headerText: 'Customer ID', type: 'string' },
        { field: 'Freight', headerText: 'Freight', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, format: 'C' },
        { field: 'OrderDate', headerText: 'Order Date', width: 140, format: 'yMd', textAlign: 'Right' }
    ],
    height: 230
});
grid.toolbarClick = (args: Object) => {
    if (args['item'].id === 'Grid_excelexport') {
        let excelExportProperties: ExcelExportProperties = {
            dataSource: data
        };
        grid.excelExport(excelExportProperties);
    }
}
grid.appendTo('#Grid');

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <title>EJ2 Grid</title>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <meta name="description" content="Typescript Grid Control" />
    <meta name="author" content="Syncfusion" />
    <link href="index.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-base/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-grids/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-buttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-popups/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-navigations/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-dropdowns/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-lists/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-inputs/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-calendars/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-splitbuttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/systemjs/0.19.38/system.js"></script>
    <script src="systemjs.config.js"></script>
    <style>
        .e-row[aria-selected="true"] .e-customizedExpandcell {
            background-color: #e0e0e0;
        }
        .e-grid.e-gridhover tr[role='row']:hover {
            background-color: #eee;
        }
        .e-expand::before {
        content: '\e5b8';
    }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div id='loader'>Loading....</div>
    <div id='container'>
        <div id='Grid'></div>        
    </div>
</body>
</html>

Exporting grouped records

The excel export provides outline option for grouped records which hides the detailed data for better viewing. In grid, we have provided the outline option for the exported document when the data’s are grouped.

Source

Preview

index.ts

index.html

import { Grid, Toolbar, ExcelExport, Group} from '@syncfusion/ej2-grids';
import { data } from './datasource.ts';

Grid.Inject(Toolbar, ExcelExport, Group);

let grid: Grid = new Grid({
    dataSource: data,
    allowExcelExport: true,
    toolbar: ['ExcelExport'],
    allowGrouping: true,
    groupSettings: { columns: ['OrderID', 'CustomerID']};
    columns: [
        { field: 'OrderID', headerText: 'Order ID', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, type: 'number' },
        { field: 'CustomerID', width: 140, headerText: 'Customer ID', type: 'string' },
        { field: 'Freight', headerText: 'Freight', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120, format: 'C' },
        { field: 'OrderDate', headerText: 'Order Date', width: 140, format: 'yMd', textAlign: 'Right' }
    ],
    height: 230
});
grid.toolbarClick = (args: Object) => {
    if (args['item'].id === 'Grid_excelexport') {
        grid.excelExport();
    }
}
grid.appendTo('#Grid');

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <title>EJ2 Grid</title>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <meta name="description" content="Typescript Grid Control" />
    <meta name="author" content="Syncfusion" />
    <link href="index.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-base/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-grids/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-buttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-popups/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-navigations/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-dropdowns/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-lists/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-inputs/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-calendars/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-splitbuttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/systemjs/0.19.38/system.js"></script>
    <script src="systemjs.config.js"></script>
    <style>
        .e-row[aria-selected="true"] .e-customizedExpandcell {
            background-color: #e0e0e0;
        }
        .e-grid.e-gridhover tr[role='row']:hover {
            background-color: #eee;
        }
        .e-expand::before {
        content: '\e5b8';
    }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div id='loader'>Loading....</div>
    <div id='container'>
        <div id='Grid'></div>        
    </div>
</body>
</html>

Export the hierarchy grid

The grid has an option to export the hierarchy grid to excel document. By default, it will use Expanded as hierarchyExportMode. you can change the exporting option by using the ExcelExportProperties.hierarchyExportMode property. The available options are,

Mode	Behavior
Expanded	Exports the visible child grids in expanded state.
All	Exports the all the child grids in expanded state.
None	Exports all child grids in collapse state.

Source

Preview

index.ts

index.html

import { Grid, DetailRow, Toolbar, ExcelExport, ExcelExportProperties } from '@syncfusion/ej2-grids';
import { data, employeeData } from './datasource.ts';

Grid.Inject(DetailRow, Toolbar, ExcelExport);

let grid: Grid = new Grid({
    dataSource: employeeData,
    toolbar: ['ExcelExport'],
    allowExcelExport: true,
    columns: [
        { field: 'EmployeeID', headerText: 'Employee ID', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120 },
        { field: 'FirstName', headerText: 'First Name', width: 150 },
        { field: 'City', headerText: 'City', width: 150 },
        { field: 'Country', headerText: 'Country', width: 150 }
    ],
    childGrid: {
        dataSource: data,
        queryString: 'EmployeeID',
        columns: [
            { field: 'OrderID', headerText: 'Order ID', textAlign: 'Right', width: 120 },
            { field: 'CustomerID', headerText: 'Customer ID', width: 150 },
            { field: 'ShipCity', headerText: 'Ship City', width: 150 },
            { field: 'ShipName', headerText: 'Ship Name', width: 150 }
        ]
    },
    toolbarClick: toolbarClick
});
grid.appendTo('#Grid');

function toolbarClick(args) {
    if (args['item'].id === 'Grid_excelexport') {
        let exportProperties: ExcelExportProperties = {
           hierarchyExportMode: "Expanded"
        };
        grid.excelExport(exportProperties);
    }
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <title>EJ2 Grid</title>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <meta name="description" content="Typescript Grid Control" />
    <meta name="author" content="Syncfusion" />
    <link href="index.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-base/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-grids/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-buttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-popups/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-navigations/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-dropdowns/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-lists/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-inputs/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-calendars/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    
    <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/ej2-splitbuttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/systemjs/0.19.38/system.js"></script>
    <script src="systemjs.config.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id='loader'>Loading....</div>
    <div id='container'>
        <div id='Grid'></div>        
    </div>
</body>
</html>

Limitations

Microsoft Excel permits up to seven nested levels in outlines. So that in the grid we can able to provide only up to seven nested level and if it exceeds more than seven levels then the document will be exported without outline option. Please refer the Microsoft Limitation

Excel Export in JavaScript Grid control

Multiple Grid exporting

Same sheet

New Sheet

To customize excel export

Export current page

Export hidden columns

Show or Hide columns on Exported Excel

Conditional Cell Formatting

Theme

To add header and footer

File Name for Exported document

Custom data source

Exporting grouped records

Export the hierarchy grid

Limitations

See Also